Komodo

Komodo

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Komodo island, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, have the biggest species of lizard in the world. Namely Komodo dragon or commonly just called komodo (Varanus Komodoensis). This dragon first discovered by researcher in 1910. This dragon also become one of New 7 Wonders of Nature in the world.

Komodo as the biggest lizard in the world can grow up to 3 meter long and more than 100 kg weight. Their skin is hard and rough, stregthened with a bone plate called osteoderms. They have a big and strong claw to help them find their prey.

Komodo's tail have the same length with their bodies, and about 60 pieces of sharp-toothed teeth, which often change. In his teeth there is a gingival tissue that is often torn apart while eating. Therefore, it is often found a little blood in the saliva of Komodo dragons. This saliva creates an ideal growth environment for a kind of deadly bacteria.

Komodo doesnt have sense of hearing, even tough having ear holes. This lizard is able to see up to 300 m, but it is bad in seeing in the darkness. Komodo uses his tongue to detect taste and smell something, like other reptiles. With the help of the wind and his habit of tilting his head to the right and to the left while walking, this dragons can detect the presence of carrion as far as 5 kilometers.

Birds and eggs, small mammals, monkeys, wild pigs, goats, deer, horses, buffalo, invertebrates and other reptiles (including smaller komodo) is their prey. Komodo are active during the day, although sometimes active at night. Komodo dragons are solitary animals, gathered together only during meals and breeding. They can  run fast up to 20 kilometers per hour at close range, can swim dives to as deep as 4.5 meters and also good at climbing trees using their strong claws

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Komodo dragons live in open grasslands, savannas and tropical forests at low altitudes, the largest lizards like hot and dry places. Usually around 95 Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) with 70 percent humidity on the island of Indonesia. This dragons dig a hole 1-3 meters wide for their shelter. Because of her large body and sleeping habits in the hole, dragons can maintain body heat during the night and reduce the time of sunbathing the next morning.

According to the International Union for Nature Conservation, dragons are considered vulnerable to extinction. The World Foundation Animal estimates the number of Komodo dragons in the wild around 6,000. The population is divided between islands, among others 1,700 on the island of Komodo, 1,300 on the island of Rinca, 100 in Gili Motang and about 2,000 in Flores. They are protected within Komodo National Park.





Artikel komodo bahasa inggris, semoga bermanfaat.

Timun Mas (English)

Timun mas dalam bahasa inggris, semoga bermanfaat....

TIMUN MAS

     Long time ago, there lived an old woman. She lived by herself because her husband had long passed away and she had no children. Every night, she prayed so God would give her a child.
      One night, when she was praying, a giant passed her house and heard her pray. “I can give you a child on one condition.” The giant said to that woman. “You must give the children back to me when it is sixteen years old”. That woman was so happy, she didnt think about the risk of losing her child later and agreed to take the giants offer. The giant the gave her a bunch of cucumber seeds. “ plant it around your house”. The giant then left without saying anything else. In the morning, that woman planted the seeds. The seeds grew within more days, and blossomed plentifully. Not longer after that, a big golden cucumber grew from plants. Carefully the woman pluncked the golden cucumber and carried it home. With caition and care, she sliced the cucumber. She was very surprised to see a beautiful baby girl inside the cucumber, she then named the baby, Timun Emas( mean golden cucumber).
        Years passed and timun mas have been almost 16 years old. Timun mas grew to be a kind and helpful thats why the old woman always think about the condition from the giant because she didnt want timun mas was taken by the giant. One night before timun mas been 16 years old, she told the true story to timun mas in her family room.
      In the early morning, the giant came to the old woman and asked for timun mas. The old woman asked timun mas to go away through the back door, but before go, she gave her 4 little bag that contain different thing. Not in long time timun mas started to run as fast as she can. Knowing that, the giant pursued timun mas. After the giant enough close to timun mas, she opened the first bag, it is a cucumber seeds, she threw it to the giant an instanly grow, but the giant still can broked the cucumber plants and continued his pursue. Timun mas then opened the second bag, it is a needle and a sewing needle, she then threw it to the giant. Many bamboo instanly grow big and blocked the giant. But with his big body the giant still can broke the jungle of bamboo.
      After being enough close again, timun mas opened the third bag, it is a salt. She then threw it again to the giant, then immediately the soil around be a deep sea. The giant swam to the edge of the sea and continue pursued timun mas. Timun Mas then trapped in the edge of the hill she must opened the last bag, it is a shrimp paste, with a big hope she threw it to the giant. Suddenly the soil became a big swamp of boiling mud. The mud slowly drowned him, he roared” Help! Help!” then the giant drown and died.
     After take a rest in a time, when it was being afternoon Timun Mas then went back home and live peaceful and happily everafter with the old woman in a village.

Surabaya

Asal-usul Surabaya dalam bahasa Inggris, semoga bermanfaat..

SURABAYA

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      A long time ago, in the sea, there was a frequent fought between shark named Sura with Crocodile. They fought over a prey scramble. Both are equally strong and equally greedy. Many times fighting, but no one has ever won or who lost. Finally, they entered into an agreement to divide the territory into two.
Sura ruling completely in the water and had to search his prey in the water, while Crocodile ruling on the mainland and his prey must be located on the mainland, where the limit is reached by sea water at low tides. Crocodiles also agreed with this agreement.
                With the agreement of the territory, there is no longer a fought between Sura and Crocodile. Both had agreed to respect each region.

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                But one day, sura searching for prey in the river. This is done in secret so that Alligators didn’t know. At first it did, he doesnt get caught. But one day, the Crocodile caught Sura did that. Of course Crocodiles were very angry to saw Sura broke his promise.
                A fierce battle between Sura and Crocodile happened again. The fought this time wilder and powerful. Crashing each other and pouncing, biting and hitting each other. In an instant, the surrounding water becomes red with blood from the wounds of the two animals. They continued to fight desperately with no rest at all.
                In this fierce battle, Crocodile gets Sura Shark bites at the base of the tail right. Further, his tail was forced to turned left. While Fish Sura also bitten tail until the Sura retreat back into the ocean. Crocodiles have been able to guard his own region.
                The fight between Shark named Sura with crocodile was very memorable in the hearts of the people of Surabaya. Hence, the name Surabaya always in the hook-associate with this event. Of events is then made Surabaya city emblem is a picture sura Fish and Crocodiles.

Lagu-Lagu Daerah

Lagu-Lagu Daerah Di Indonesia

Indonesia sebagai negara dengan banyak suku dan budaya tentu memiliki banyak keanekaragaman, salah satunya dalam bentuk seni. Di sini, akan kami berikan lirik beberapa lagu daerah dari Indonesia beserta kunci gitarnya...

Soleram - Kepulauan Riau

       D                Em       A                       D

soleram soleram soleram anak yang manis

                G                           D                             Em       A             D

Anak manis janganlah di cium sayang kalau di cium merahlah pipinya

Soleram soleram soleram anak yang manis

Anak manis janganlah di ganggu sayang kalau diganggu merahlah pipinya

Satu dua tiga dan empat lima enam jalan yang rata

kalau tuan hendak dapat kawan baru kawan lama dilupakan jangan.

*nb:Kuncinya diulang terus

Kampuang Nan Jauh Di Mato - Sumatra Barat

          C                                                                    G

Kampuang nan jauh di mato, gunung sansai baku li-liang

          C     F                                  C                   G             C

Takana jo kawan kawan nan lamo, sengkek basuliang suliang

        C                                                             G

Panduduknyo nan elok, na suko bagotong royong

                C             F            C              G               C

Kok susah samo samo diraso, den takana jo kampuang

          C                                                             G

Takanaa jo kampuang, induk ayah adiak sadonyo

       C               F                               C                 G               C

Raso mangimbau ngimbau den pulang, den takana jo kampuang.

Lir Ilir - Jawa Tengah

C      F   C    F    C     G         C    F        C                  F                  C          G  C

Lir i-lir lir i-lir tandure wes sumilir tak ijo royo-royo tak sengguh temanten anyar

         F        C      F      C        G         C         F           C                 F                      C                

Cah angon cah angon penekna blimbing kuwi lunyu lunyu penek ken kanggo mbasuh

       G        C            F       C          F       C     G             C                            

Dhodho tira dhodho tira dhodho tira kumitir bedahing ping

Bungong Jeumpa - NAD

   Am                      Am          
Bu-ngong jeumpa bungong jeumpa megah di Aceh
  C                   C              C             E    Am
Bungong telebeh telebeh indah lagoina
 Am             E                      Am
Puteh kuneng mejampu mirah
                        E
Keumang si u-lah
                    Am
cidah that ru-pa

Lam sinar buleun lam sinar buleun angen peu-a-yon
Ruroh mesuson mesuson nyang mala mala
Mangat that me-bei me nyo ta him com
Lepah that harum.... si bungong jumpa

nb: Kunci diulang lagi

Cublak-Cublak Suweng - Jawa Tengah

       G                                      D                    G

Cublak cublak suweng su-wenge ting gelenter

              D                          G   

Mambu ke-tun-dhung gudhel

                C        D       G

Pak gempong lera lere 

                C           D      G

Sapa ngguyu ndhelika ke

            Cm      D          G

Sir sir pong delego song 

            Cm       D         G

Sir sir pong dele gosong

Anging Mamiri - Sulawesi Selatan

                                     D
Anging mamiri kupasang
Batu mi anging mamiri
Jene matang mamati
                              A
Pitujui tong tongana
Anging ngerang dinging dinging
Dinging dinging pama-iku
                              D
Tasarua tak kanlupa
Nama lontasari ku ku
Ma empo makarasa
              G
E- a- u lee
E- a- u lee
E- a- u lee
                      D
Nama ngurangi
Nama ngurangi
Nama ngurangi
               A                                 D
Tu te na-ya Tu te na-ya pari si na-i
Ma lo lo  rang Ma lo lo rang jene mato
Pi sa ran ku Pisaranku lebe lo loa
                             

Ki Hajar Dewantoro

Profil Ki Hajar Dewantoro dalam bahasa Inggris (English Version), semoga bermanfaat.

Ki Hajar Dewantoro

Ki Hajar Dewantoro is one of educational icon in Indonesia because of his big constribution about education in Indonesia. 

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He was born in Mei 2 1889 as a royal descent in Yogyakarta. His real name is R.M. Suwardi Suryaningrat, but then he change his name became Ki Hajar Dewantoro in order to be closer to people. He studied in STOVIA but before finish his education he stop because a sickness. He then work as a reporter in some newspaper company like Utusan Hindia, Kaum Muda, etc. As a good writer, he can burn Indonesia spirit againist colonialism.

Beside education, Ki Hajar Dewantoro is active in politic too. He joined Budi Utomo as the first national organization, then, together with his 2 colleague, E.F.E Douwes Dekker and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, they build an organization that fight againist colonialism in Indonesia named Indische Partij. This organization is vehemently opposed colonialism and burn the spirit of Indonesian army.

This organization made the colonial being disturbed and decided to isolated Ki Hajar Dewantoro and his colleague in Dutch. Ki Hajar Dewantoro used this condition to go deep into education and teaching. After went back to Indonesia, he concentrate to fought colonialism with educational side. In July 3 1992 he built "Taman Siswa" in Yogyakarta as a place to give a nationality to the student.

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Ki Hajar Dewantoro has a famous word in Indonesia "Ing ngarsa sung tulodho, Ing madya mangun karsa, Tut wuri handayani" mean " in the front give a good example, in the middle give a spirits and in the rear give a power", because f his big constribution in education, his birth is celebrated as an educational day in Indonesia.

On April 26 1959, Ki Hajar Dewantoro died in Yogyakarta and buried in Taman Wijaya Brata.

Indonesia Traditional House

Indonesia Traditional House

Traditional house is a house that became a tradition in certain place, Indonesia as a unitary state which has many parts certainly has a wide variety of traditional homes. Therefore, I will mention a few custom houses of the tribes in Indonesia.

1. Joglo - Central Java

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The pavilion is used for receiving guests, at the pavilion there are 4 pillars commonly called Soko Guru, this pillars symbolize the direction of the wind before, west, east, north, and southJoglo is home to the indigenous people of Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java. Joglo house itself is derived from wood as its main ingredient. In philosophy, Joglo house is divided into 3 parts, that is: Pendopo, Pringgitan, and Omah Dalem.
Pringgitan, used for leather puppet show place, so every puppet show, then held at this Pringgitan section.
The essence of it is Joglo house, Omah Dalem. At Omah Dalem, Subdivided into three parts, namely senthong / right room, center, and left. The height of the roof in Omah Dalem is intentionally made different in order to help air circulation.

2. Honai - Papua

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Honai is a traditional house of Papua, which is shaped like a mushroom. Honai house is used by Dani in the central mountainous region of Papua. Honai house, divided into 3: Honai (To dwelling adult male), Ebeai (To dwelling adult women), and Wamai (For pigsty).
Honai house itself is made of wood for wall sections and rapids to the roof. This custom home has various functions in addition to places to stay, namely: Education facilities, a set strategy during the war, as well as a place to warm themselves from the cold temperatures.
Honai house does not have a window with a view to withstand the cold, in addition to the construction of houses Honai should not be arbitrary, should pay attention to the surrounding area. 1 regular Honai house inhabited by 5-10 people.

 3. Tongkonan - South Sulawesi

Tongkonan is a custom home that came from the Toraja, South Sulawesi. At first glance, this house is similar to the Tower House of West Sumatra. But behind that is quite unique shape, Tongkonan house also contains a lot of philosophy. "Tongkonan 'comes from the word meaning tongkon occupied or seating. That is because once nobles Toraja tribe used to sit in Tongkonan for discussion.

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http://images.detik.com/customthumb/2014/06/10/1026/img_20140610194029_5396fcbd7029d.jpg?w=600

Tongkonan home in addition to functioning as a residence and a kitchen, it also serves as a place to carry out ceremonies and a place to store the bodies. Tongkonan house consists of three parts, namely the northern, central, and south. Each part has its own function. The northern part (tangalok) use as a guest receive, where the children slept, and put offerings. The middle section (Sali) serves as a dining area, kitchen, family gatherings, as well as a place to put people died. The southern part (Sumbung) is room for the leader of the family, but also considered a source of disease.
Some types of home Tongkonan, among which Tongkonan Layuk, that arrange a religious social rules. Tongkonan Pekaindoran is customary regulatory and governmental officials. In addition, there is also a stone a'riri which serves as a supporting tongkonan protect family unity and fostering heritage.
Tongkonan roofs shaped like an upturned boat, many people regard as buffalo horn. Home Tongkonan always facing north. It also contains philosophy, which describes the Toraja tribal ancestors who came from the north.

4. Gadang - West Sumatra

Gadang house is ethnic Minang traditional house of West Sumatra. Besides Tower, the house is also commonly called house and home Bagonjong Baanjuang by local communities.

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House Tower serves as a residence for Minang ethnic communities. Furthermore Tower house also serves as a ceremonial place. In front of the house, there banguna
n named Rangkiang, namely a place to store rice. Tower near the compound also contained a mosque which serves as a place of worship.

Gadang has a roof shaped like a horn and coated with fibers. However, over the times, roofs Tower is now made of zinc. Tower houses are generally made up of two parts, front and rear. At the front there are various kinds of carvings that are usually in the form of carvings of flowers, leaves, roots, and so forth. In addition, there is also a staircase in the front of the house Tower. The outside of rear coated with a slit bamboo. Separated from the house, at the back there is a kitchen that was built attached to the wall.

5. Panjang - Jambi

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https://mursyidyusmar.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/rumah-adat-copy.jpg

Panjang house has another name Kajang Leko stage. Initially, Jambi do some sort of contest to determine their traditional homes because their cultures are too diverse. After that, the one elected House Stage Kajang Leko as custom house for Jambi.
In terms of construction, this house possess their own uniqueness. Ridge is also commonly called elephant drunk berbentukseperti boat with little arch made from woven fibers is then folded in two, serves to hold the rain water from entering the house. The length of the house is also fitted with many Poles that his number even reaches 30 pieces, 6 pole palamban, 24 poles utama.Tebar screen is made part of the regular board mounted on the left or right of the house, and serves to hold rainwater. Pelamban is the length of the front of the house that looks like a terrace and serves as a waiting area for guests who have not been invited in. Panteh, is the upper house that serves to store belongings.

Rumah Adat Indonesia

Rumah Adat Indonesia

Rumah adat adalah rumah yang menjadi tradisi di suku tertentu, Indonesia sebagai negara kesatuan yang memiliki banyak suku tentu memiliki banyak ragam rumah adat.  Karena itu, akan saya sebutkan beberapa rumah adat dari suku-suku di Indonesia.

1.       Joglo – Jawa Tengah

httpjogjareview.netwp-contentuploads201409rumah-joglo-sambolo-house.jpg

Joglo adalah rumah adat bagi masyarakat Jawa Tengah, DIY, serta Jawa Timur. Joglo sendiri adalah rumah yang berasal dari kayu sebagai bahan utamanya. Dalam filosofinya, rumah Joglo dibagi menjadi 3 bagian, yaiku: Pendopo, Pringgitan, dan Omah Dalem/Om
ah Jero.

Pendopo biasa digunakan untuk menerima tamu, di bagian pendopo ini terdapat 4 tiang yang biasa disebut Soko Guru, tiang-tiang tadi melambangkan arah mata angin, ngalor, ngidul, ngetan, ngulon.

Pringgitan, biasa digunakan untuk ruang pagelaran wayang kulit, jadi setiap ada pertunjukan wayang kulit, maka dilaksanakan di bagian Pringgitan ini.

Inti dari rumah Joglo ini adalah, Omah Dalem. Di bagian Omah Dalem ini, Dibagi lagi menjadi 3 bagian yaitu Senthong/kamar kanan, tengah, dan kiri. Ketinggian atap di Omah Dalem ini sengaja dibuat berbeda supaya membantu sirkulasi udara.

2.   Rumah Honai – Papua

http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/media/images/upload/culture/HONAI.jpg

Honai adalah rumah adat dari Papua yang berbentuk seperti jamur. Rumah Honai ini digunakan oleh suku Dani di wilayah pegunungan tengah Papua. Rumah Honai dibagai menjadi 3: Honai(Untuk tempat tinggal laki-laki dewasa), Ebeai(Untuk tempat tinggal wanita dewasa), dan Wamai(Untuk kandang babi).

Rumah Honai sendiri terbuat dari kayu untuk bagian dindingnya serta jeram untuk bagian atapnya. Rumah adat ini memiliki berbagai fungsi selain tempat untuk tinggal, yaitu: Sarana pendidikan, tempat mengatur strategi ketika perang, serta tempat menghangatkan diri dari suhu dingin.

Rumah Honai tidak memiliki jendela dengan tujuan untuk menahan hawa dingin, selain itu pembangunan rumah Honai tidak boleh sembarangan, harus memperhatikan daerah sekitar. 1 rumah  Honai biasa ditinggali oleh 5-10 orang.

  3.  Tongkonan – Sulawesi Selatan

Tongkonan adalah rumah adat yang berasal dari suku Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan.  Sekilas, rumah ini memang mirip dengan Rumah Gadang dari Sumatra Barat. Namun di balik bentuknya yang cukup unik, rumah Tongkonan juga mengandung banyak filosofi. “Tongkonan’ berasal dari kata tongkon yang berarti menduduki atau tempat duduk. Hal tersebut dikarenakan dulu para bangsawan suku Toraja biasa duduk di dalam Tongkonan untuk berdiskusi.

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Rumah Tongkonan selain berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal dan dapur, juga berfungsi sebagai tempat melaksanakan upacara adat dan tempat menyimpan mayat. Rumah Tongkonan terdiri atas tiga bagian, yaitu utara, tengah, dan selatan. Tiap-tiap bagian memiliki fungsi tersendiri. Bagian utara (tangalok) berfungsi sebagai tempat menerim tamu, tempat anak-anak tidur, dan tempat meletakkan sesaji. Bagian tengah (Sali) berfungsi sebagai tempat makan, dapur, pertemuan keluarga, serta tempat meletakkan orang meninggal. Bagian selatan (sumbung) adalah ruangan untuk kepala kelurga, namun juga dianggap sebagai sumber penyakit.

Beberapa jenis rumah Tongkonan, diantaranya yaitu Tongkonan Layuk, yatu tempat menyusun aturan-aturan sosial keagamaan. Tongkonan Pekaindoran adalah tempat pengatur dan pengurus pemerintahan adat. Selain itu, ada juga batu a’riri yang berfungsi sebagai tongkonan penunjang yang melindungi persatuan keluarga dan membina warisan.  

Atap rumah Tongkonan berbentuk seperti perahu terbalik, banyak juga orang menganggapnya seperti tanduk kerbau. Rumah Tongkonan selalu menghadap ke arah utara. Hal ini juga mengandung filosofi, yakni menggambarkan leluhur suku Toraja yang berasal dari utara. 

  4. Rumah Gadang – Sumatra Barat

Rumah Gadang adalah rumah adat dari suku Minang Sumatra Barat. Selain Gadang, rumah ini juga biasa disebut rumah Bagonjong dan rumah Baanjuang oleh masyarakat setempat.

Rumah Gadang berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal bagi masyarakat suku Minang. Selain itu rumah Gadang juga berfungsi sebagai tempat upacara adat dilangsungkan. Di depan rumah, terdapat banguna

n bernama Rangkiang, yaitu tempat menyimpan padi. Di dekat kompleks rumah Gadang juga terdapat sebuah surau yang berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah.

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Rumah Gadang memiliki atap yang berbentuk seperti tanduk dan dilapisi dengan ijuk. Namun seiring perkembangan zaman, atap rumah Gadang sekarang dibuat dari seng. Umumnya rumah Gadang terdiri atas 2 bagian, yatu depann dan belakang. Di bagian depan terdapat berbagai macam ukiran yang biasanya berupa ukiran bunga, daun, akar, dan lain sebagainya. Selain itu, juga terdapat tangga di bagian depan rumah Gadang.  Bagian luar beakang dilapisi dengan belahan bambu. Terpisah dari rumah, di bagian belakang terdapat dapur yang dibangun berdempetan dengan dinding.

5.    Rumah Panjang – Jambi

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Rumah Panjang memiliki nama lain Panggung Kajang Leko. Awalnya, Jambi melakukan semacam sayembara untuk menentukan rumah adat mereka karena budaya mereka yang terlalu beraneka ragam. Setelah itu, terpilih lah Rumah Panggung Kajang Leko sebagai rumah adat bagi Jambi.

Dari segi konstruksi, rumah ini memliki keunikannya sendiri. Bubungan yang juga biasa di panggil gajah mabuk berbentukseperti perahu dengan sedikit lengkungan yang dibuat dari ijuk yang dianyam kemudian dilipat dua, berfungsi untuk menahan air hujan agar tidak masuk rumah. Rumah Panjang ini juga dipasangi banyak Tiang yang jumlah nya bahkan mencapai 30 buah, 6 tiang palamban, 24 tiang utama.Tebar Layar bagian ini terbuat dari papan yang biasa dipasang di bagian kiri atau kanan rumah, dan berfungsi untuk menahan air hujan. Pelamban adalah bagian depan rumah Panjang yang bentuknya seperti teras dan berfungsi sebagai tempat tunggu bagi para tamu yang belum dipersilakan masuk . Panteh, adalah bagian atas rumah yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan barang-barang.